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STANFORD 

MEMORIAL 

C H URCH 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Introduction 3 

Stanford Memorial Church 7 

One of Mrs. Stanford's Ideals ......15 

Memorial Church Music........ „ 19 

The Mosaics 23 

The Windows „..41 

The Inscriptions 51 



STANFORD 
MEMORIAL CHURCH 



THE MOSAICS, THE WINDOWS, 
THE INSCRIPTIONS 



By WILLIS L. HALL 



Copyright, 1921, by Willis L. Hall. 
Paper cover, 50 cents; cloth, $1. 



192 1 : 

PRINTED bV 

Times Publishing Company 
palo alto, california 




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INTRODUCTION 



SO numerous and varied are 
the features of Leland Stan- 
ford Junior University a large 
volume would be required to do 
them any sort of justice. Hence 
that is not attempted in this 
book. Aside from the educa- 
tional work carried on by the 
institution its most notable fea- 
ture is the Memorial Church, 
to which attention is turned. 
However, a few words about 
the university itself are given. 

Leland Stanford Junior Uni- 
versity was founded by Senator 
Leland and Mrs. Jane Lathrop 
Stanford as a memorial to their 
only son, who died abroad on 
March 13, 1884. The founders 
decided to devote nearly all of 
their large fortune to the en- 
dowing of the university. They 
appointed a board of trustees, 
which board is now in control. 
During the greater part of their 
lives after founding the univer- 
sity Senator and Mrs. Stanford 
directed everything concerning 
it. Senator Stanford died June 



21, 1893. Mrs. Stanford rehn- 
c[uished control June 1, 1903, 
but remained a member of the 
board of trustees until her death 
a few years later. Present trus- 
tees are : 

Frank Bartow Anderson, San 
Francisco. 

William B. Bourn, San Fran- 
cisco. 

Selah Chamberlain, Redwood 
City. 

Leland Whitman Cutler, San 
Francisco. 

Frank Prentiss Deering, San 
Francisco. 

Charles Parmelee Eells, San 
Francisco. 

Joseph Donohoe Grant, San 
Francisco. 

Thomas T. C. Gregory, San 
Francisco. 

Herbert C. Hoover, Stanford 
University. 

Timothy Hopkins, M e n 1 o 
Park. 

Samuel Franklin Leib, San 
Jose. 

William Mayo Newhall, San 
Francisco. 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



James Leroy Nickel, San 
Francisco. 

John Thomas Nourse, San 
Francisco. 

Max Cauffman Sloss San 
Francisco. 

Dr. David Starr Jordan was 
appointed president of the uni- 
versity March 23, 1891, and was 
formally installed in office on 
October 1 of the same year. He 
continued as president until 
May, 1913, when he resigned to 
become chancellor, relinquish- 
ing all active connection with 
the faculty in May, 1917, and 
assuming the title of chancellor 
emeritus. Dr. John C. Bran- 
ner, a member of the faculty 
from the founding of the uni- 
versity, was the second presi- 
dent, retiring from office De- 
cember 31, 1916, and being 
named president emeritus. Dr. 
Ray Lyman Wilbur, a member 
of the graduating class of 1896, 
was selected to succeed Dr. 
Branner and still fills the presi- 
dential office. 

The property of Leland Stan- 
ford Junior University is esti- 
mated to be worth more than 
$34,000,000. It consists of val- 
uable stocks and bonds, San 
Francisco real estate and the 



tract upon which the university 
is located. This tract was for- 
merly known as the Palo Alto 
ranch, devoted principally to the 
breeding of fine horses. The 
only reminder of that feature is 
the horse cemetery where mon- 
um.ents have been erected to 
Electioneer and other famous 
trotters and pacers.. There are 
approximately 8,000 acres in 
the tract, of which less than 
1,000 are devoted to the univer- 
sity campus. 

The building plan provides 
for three large quadrangles, of 
which only one has been com- 
pleted. They face north and are 
to form a continuous row nearly 
a mile in length. Sequoia Hall 
being at the west end and En- 
cina Hall at the east. A begin- 
ning has been made on, the sec- 
ond quadrangle by the erection 
of the Thomas Welton Stanford 
art gallery and the new library. 
Others will follow in the course 
of time. Back of the quadran- 
gles the ground has been plat- 
ted and tracts leased for the 
erection of fraternity houses, 
residences for professors and 
others connected with the uni- 
versity. On a high hill back of 
the college grounds is the Lath- 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




VIEW FROM THE LATHROP RESIDENCE 

various generations of Stanford 
students. First was the formal 
installation of President Jor- 
dan. President Branner's instal- 



rop residence, from which a 
splendid view of the country 
to the east is obtained. The 
university campus is in the fore- 



ground, the city of Palo Alto lation ceremony was held in the 

and Santa Clara valley further same place. The colors of the 

along, then San Francisco Bay Stanford battalion were pre- 

and the mountains to the east. sented at a ceremony in the in- 

In the completed inner quad- ner quadrangle and were after- 

rangle many notable ceremo- ward dedicated in the Memorial 

nies have been witnessed by the Church, 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 






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STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



A DELIGHT to artists is the 
Memorial Church at Stan- 
ford University. It contains 
works of art destined to become 
worthy of pilgrimages in years 
to come. Stately architecture, 
beautiful stained glass windows 
and the largest use of art mo- 
saics for mural decorations in 
America combine to make it a 
structure more than unique in 
character, one worth visiting 
and remembering. 

El Camino Real, the century- 
old highway laid out by the 
Franciscan fathers, passes at a 
distance of less than a mile. An 
hour's journey southeast from 
San Francisco, if one chooses to 
travel along this now well made 
modern highway, he will reach 
a broad gateway that gives en- 
trance to the Stanford Univer- 
sity campus. Southward for a 
mile through a vista of palm 
trees may be seen portions of 
low, red-roofed buildings. Over 
the central portion a golden 
point attracts attention. While 
passing along the palm avenue 



anyone botanically interested 
could find much to absorb at- 
tention in the arboretum with 
its hundreds of varieties of 
trees, but the visitor generally 
prefers to pass on to the uni- 
versity itself. The avenue forks, 
the branches forming an oval, 
very much raccjuet shaped, the 
enclosed space always covered 
v^ith a velvetv lawn, the outer 
edges of the roadways still bor- 
dered with palms. At the di- 
viding of the main entrance av- 
enue the first view is gained of 
the entire row of buildings, all 
connected by cloisters, extend- 
ing a thousand feet from east 
to west. Through a gap in the 
center still more cloisters are to 
be seen, but the golden point 
gleams above all. 

Rounding the grassy oval the 
traveler reaches the quadrangle 
with its enclosing cloisters. He 
passes between two truncated 
towers, formerly bases of a me- 
m.orial arch, and reaches the 
m^emorial court, cloistered on 
all sides. Under the arches 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



across the court to the south 
are seen pahiis and stiU more 
cloisters; but through the cen- 
tral portion sections of a pic- 
ture appear. The court passed, 
the traveler passes under one of 
the arches and is directly in 
front of the splendidly decorat- 
ed facade of Stanford Memorial 
Church. Then he learns that 
tlie golden point is the back- 
ground and apex of a great pic- 
ture. 

At first the impression is that 
the facade is painted in an ar- 
tistic manner. Figures are dis- 
tinct, colors brilliant, harmoniz- 
ing, contrasting and the whole 
work fixing attention. Three 
carved stone arches on massive 
bases form the lower portion of 
the facade. On the spandrels 
are Biblical pictures of Faith, 
Hope, Charity and Love. The 
golden background is decorated 
in tapestry designs. Large 
stained glass windows framed 
in stone with lacy carving oc- 
cupy the central portion of the 
facade above the entrances. At 
the sides of the windows and 
converging to a point over them 
is pictured the Sermon on the 
Mount. There are groups of 
figures, all in position of rapt 



attention, each individual appar- 
ently paying close heed to the 
most notable personage of all — 
Christ delivering his great ser- 
mon. Back of him are waving 
palms and a gleaming sky — the 
golden point seen from afar. 

From nearer vantage the vis- 
itor learns that the picture is 
not a painting but mosaic. No- 
v/here else in America can such 
an extensive use of this method 
of decoration be seen. The fa- 
cade, however, is only an intro- 
duction to a more lavish use of 
this work. Passing through the 
entrance and by the bronze 
scroll doors the visitor enters a 
mosaic decorated vestibule. On 
his Vv^ay into the nave he looks 
forward to the chancel, where 
the blendings of stained glass 
window lights on mosaics at 
first dazzle with their brilliance. 
On either side of the nave, both 
on w^alls rising from the for- 
ward sloping fioor and in the 
clearstory, the splendors of the 
stained glass and mosaic repro- 
ductions of masterpieces of the 
old world are presented in col- 
orful beauty. Looking skyward 
under the dome in front of the 
chancel the visitor sees four 
adoring angels, done in mosaic, 



10 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




ORIGINAL STANFORD 

apparently rising from clouds, 
in the spandrels over the four 
large pilasters. 

A closer view of the chancel 
reveals work of a kind seldom 
seen anywhere. In the center 
is a white marble communion 
table. Just back of it in the wall 
is a mosaic reproduction of the 
"Last Supper," by Cosimo Ro- 
selli. This is the only copy ever 
permitted to be made of that 



MEMORIAL CHURCH 

famous mosaic in the Sistine 
Chapel at Rome. To the right 
and left are mosaic niches that 
vv^ill be occupied by statues of 
the apostles. Above in the apse 
appear groups of a seraph choir 
separated into four sections by 
stained glass windows showing 
the nativity, the crucifixion and 
the ascension. Still higher on 
each side are four heroic size 
mosaic pictures of prophets and 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



11 



Jewish kings. Cherub faces peep 
forth from golden backgrounds. 

Turning from the chancel 
one can see more of the beauti- 
ful stained glass windows and 
mosaics in the transepts, in the 
clearstory and in the great or- 
gan and choir loft at the ex- 
treme north end. After this 
preliminary view it will repay 
anyone to make a prolonged 
visit and examine thoroughly 
this splendid memorial. Return- 
ing to the entrance the detail of 
the windows and mosaic work 
can be studied at leisure. This 
mosaic method of decoration 
was selected by Mrs. Stanford 
after she had noted its effect- 
iveness in Italy. Because of its 
unfading nature and brilliance 
in color effects it seemed most 
suitable. Furthermore, it is es- 
pecially adapted for exterior 
decoration in this locality, in 
v/hich extremes of heat and cold 
are unusual. The grime and 
smoke that smudge buildings in 
cities are not known, while the 
abundant rains at certain sea- 
sons of the year wash off what- 
ever dust may accumulate. So 
the mosaics on the facade are 
always clear and brilliant. 

The cloistered inner quadran- 



gle forms an ideal site for the 
building. It is on the south 
side of the inner court, in the 
very heart of the university. 

The church does not impress 
by its size, as it extends only 
200 feet back from the court, 
has a breadth of about 100 feet 
and the height to the cross top- 
ping the apex is about 90 feet. 
Adaptations of several styles of 
architecture have been used in 
the structure. Surrounding it 
the modified mission predomin- 
ates, while the church is more 
Romanesque, especially in the 
interior. The buff sandstone of 
the walls lends itsself readily 
for the lacy carving in arches 
over the entrance and windows. 
It also conveys the impression 
of solidity when seen in the 
mass either smooth or rough. 
Its neutral tone serves well to 
bring out by contrast the bril- 
liant colors of the mosaics and 
windows. 

The church was built primar- 
ily by Mrs. Stanford as a me- 
morial to her husband and to 
fulfill one object of the uni- 
versity's establishment. The 
founders' deed of gift provided 
that non-sectarian religious in- 
struction should be part of the 



12 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



Avork undertaken. In 1898 Mrs. 
Stanford and the trustees asked 
San Francisco architects to sub- 
mit designs. Shepley, Rutan & 
CooHdge in making the origi- 
nal sketch foUowed the motif 
of Trinity Church in Boston. 
CHnton E. Day of San Fran- 
cisco prepared the plans and 
Charles E. Hodges was the su- 
pervising architect. Mrs. Stan- 
ford made a special tour of Eu- 
rope to select the designs and 
method of decoration. It was 
on January 25, 1903, that the 
church was advanced sufficient- 
ly in construction for dedica- 
tion. At the ceremony were 
clergymen of all denominations. 
Their participation demonstrat- 
ed a friendliness non-sectarian 
in nature that has been fostered 
and has grown under the guid- 
ance of Dr. D. Charles Gardner, 
pastor of the church and chap- 
lain of the university. From 
1906 to 1913 the building was 
not available for services, as 
during that time work was in 
progress repairing the damage 
suffered in the earthquake. It 
has been in constant use since 
then. The church is open every 
day for visitors. 

Tours of the church are con- 



ducted by Dr. Gardner at the 
beginning of each quarter to 
familiarize the new students 
with the building's notable fea- 
tures and objects. 

Though occupying the anom- 
alous position of ministering to 
the spiritual wants of more than 
a thousand young people of all 
creeds the results achieved so 
far have not been disappoint- 
ing. The eft'ort is still in its 
experimental stage, according 
to Dr. Gardner, but there seems 
to be no present cause for dis- 
couragement. 

Apparently the idea of Mrs. 
Stanford and her coadjutors, 
both in the erection of the orig- 
inal structure and in the recon- 
struction work, has been to 
make the church as permanent 
a building as possible and have 
the decorations of an equally 
enduring character. The best 
efforts of engineering and ar- 
tistic genius have been exerted 
to secure these two results. The 
1906 earthquake wrecked the 
carefully constructed edifice. 
The tower and chime of bells 
fell; the solid stone walls were 
cracked, while the mosaics and 
Carrara marble statuary in the 
chancel were injured bevond re- 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



13 



pair. In reconstruction work being thrown down. But this 

great care has been taken to time, in addition to being set in 

assure permanence. Each stone cement, each stone is securely 

of the original structure, so far bolted to its neighbors, making 

as it has been possible to do so, the whole structure practically 

has been relaid as it was before one massive hollow rock on a 




V" rs-, 





PRESENT STAXFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



14 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



great steel foundation skeleton. 
On these firm walls the interior 
and exterior mural decorations 
are placed. If the building en- 
dures for centuries all the deco- 
rations will be as fresh as they 
are today. Fadeless and endur- 
ing are the colors of this work, 
not subject to the deterioration 
so lamentably shown among 
frescoes and canvases. The Ve- 
netian and Roman mosaics put 
in centuries ago show no evi- 
dences of fading, nor will those 
at Stanford. The window colors 
likewise will retain their per- 
manence and brilliancy. 

It is a matter of congratula- 
tion not only to the people of 
the western portion of the coun- 
try, but to all America as well, 
that the subjects were so well 
chosen. In years to come it may 
be that artists will journey to 
Stanford to study the master- 
pieces which will show the true 
coloring and detail elaborated 
by men of genius. It is note- 
worthy that figures of women 
are more numerous than in 
church decorations generally. 
Mrs. Stanford desired this to 
show the uplifting influence of 
religion for women. The result 
is eminently pleasing. 



For a great part of the years 
Stanford University has been 
open for students many thous- 
ands of young people have been 
associated daily with these evi- 
dences of art as applied to re- 
ligion. Repeated viewing does 
not lessen the attraction. Con- 
sciously or unconsciously they 
have cultivated an appreciation 
of art and they have carried 
with them to sterner fields of 
action standards of beautv and 
its presentation that prove up- 
lifting. Memories of other af- 
fairs may dim, lessons learned in 
the recitation halls may be for- 
gotten entirely, the- hard fought 
contests on athletic fields may 
dwindle to mere trifles; but not 
so with the pictures that must 
be impressed indelibly upon the 
tablets of memory. The Stan- 
ford Memorial Church and its 
masterful mosaics and windows 
will always be reminders of ar- 
tistic work. Nor will they for- 
get the sentiment carried on 
the dedication inscription: 

''Memorial Church erected by 
Jane Lathrop Stanford to the 
Glory of God and in Loving 
Memory of Her Husband, Le- 
land Stanford." 



ONE OF MRS. STANFORD'S IDEALS 



EACH year the birthday of 
the founder of Stanford 
University is observed with ap- 
propriate exercises. At the cel- 
ebration on March 10, 1917, Dn 
John C. Branner, now president 
emeritus, delivered an address 
in which he outlined Mrs. Stan- 
ford's ideals concerning the Me- 
morial Church. It is the best 
presentation made on the sub- 
ject. From that address the 
following has been taken: 

To me there was nothing; more 
interesting or more striking in the 
character of ]\Irs. Stanford than 
what she said when speaking' to me 
on one occasion about the church 
and what she expected of it in the 
community and in ' the lives of our 
alumni. AA^hile walking about the 
buildings and the grounds of the 
university with her one day, she 
spoke very freely and very feelingly 
in regard to many things and of her 
aspirations in regard to the univer- 
sity itself. The last place she vis- 
ited was the church, where she lin- 
gered long over many details, in 
every one of which she was deeply 
interested. It was quite late in the 
afternoon when we went out and 
walked along the arcade toward her 
carriage. She seemed to feel that 
she had talked too much about what 



filled her mind, especially about the 
church, and she added, ''But, Air. 
Branner, while my whole heart is 
in this university, my soul is in 
that church." 

Some days later when I was at 
her home on the campus she 
brought up again the subject of her 
deep interest in the church. 

I was especially interested to get 
her views on the subject, because, 
as some of you wdll remember, there 
were strange stories floating about 
at the time and it impresses me 
more and more as the years go b}''. 
I have always regretted that what 
she said to mte could not have been 
preserved with all the warmth, con- 
viction and enthusiasm with which 
she spoke that day. But the best I 
can do is to tell you the story as I 
wrote it down on that same even- 
ing in her own language as nearly 
as I could recall it. 

She said that while she was in- 
terested in education in a large 
sense, and was happy to devote her 
time, means and energies to what- 
ever was usually regarded as the 
legitimate and indisputable equip- 
ment of a modern university, she 
felt that institutions and educators 
were spending relatively too little 
time on moral and spiritual instruc- 
tion. She feared that such views 
might be regarded as those of a re- 
ligious fanatic, but she disclaimed 
any undue influence on the part of 
the church as such, or from any 
source save her own experience 
and her own observations of life. 



16 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



'Xook through the list of the fac- 
ulty," she said, ''and point out to 
me, if you can, the professor who, 
aside from the chaplain, makes it 
any part of his business to even 
mention things moral or spiritual to 
his students. I fully realize the very 
encouraging fact that all studies are 
uplifting if they are taken seriously, 
and if the student has an uplifting- 
teacher. Students are required to 
take certain studies ; those who are 
to be engineers must take mathe- 
matics ; those who are to be chem- 
ists must take chemistry, and the 
geologists must take mineralogy, 
and so on ; but not a single depart- 
mient requires a student to be clean 
in his life or to study subjects that 
will help strengthen his moral char- 
acter, or help him to have or to cul- 
tivate a proper attitude toward him- 
self and toward mankind. You try 
to fit men to do their professional 
work, but you lose sight of the very 
important fact that neither you nor 
anyone else wants to employ a man 
who. lacks sound moral principles, 
no matter how much he may know 
about some particular subject. Yes, 
I know that you undertake to pun- 
ish those who are guilty of grossly 
immoral conduct — if you happen to 
find it out — but punishing the 
wicked is not preventing wicked- 
ness and it is not helping those 
whose moral sense needs help. 

"You tell me that a student 
known to be of bad moral character 
is not admitted to the university; 
but you must confess that the at- 
tempt to discover such men before 
they come here is not very serious, 
for they do get in. And what is 
vastly worse," and she fairly blazed 
with indignation as she spoke, ''what 
is vastly worse is that the president 
of this university has had to send 



away from here members of this 
very faculty — full professors and 
married men at that — whose over- 
familiarity with and irregular con- 
duct toward the young women stu- 
dents showed, them to be not only 
capable of conduct unbecoming gen- 
tlemen, but positively unfit to asso- 
ciate with decent people, much less 
to instruct young folks in anything 
whatever. And if there is in this 
world anything more vile and des- 
picable than a man of education, 
and a professor in a university, wdio 
is put there to help, to teach, to 
mspire and to strengthen young 
men and young women, but who be- 
trays his trust and seeks to be- 
smirch, outrage and destroy what 
he is expected to protect, to help 
and to save, I should not know 
wdiere to look for it outside of the 



uneles of Africa. That, ]\Ir. Bran- 



ner, is why I am so much more in- 
terested in the church on the cam- 
pus than I am in your precious 
rocks. For no amount of learning 
can take the place of decency, and 
no amount of science can take the 
place of backbone. And as the moral 
and spiritual life is more important 
than the life of our bodies, so moral 
and spiritual instruction is more 
important to young people than in- 
struction of any other kind. That 
is why I think the church should 
be the heart and center of this uni- 
versity. I am aware of the fact 
that complaint has been made that 
the church was put where the li- 
brary ought to be. That view can 
be defended on some grounds, I 
know, for I have heard it so de- 
fended, but on the highest possible 
grounds there is nothing so import- 
ant to the young men and young 
women who come here as the in- 
struction they should get from that 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



17 



pulpit. And that is why I said that 
while my heart is in the university 
my soul is in the church. Take 
away the moral and spiritual from 
higher education and I want nothing 
to do with this or any other univer- 
sity. I don't mean that students 
require instruction in doctrines ; that 
is just what I do not mean; and it 
was for this very reason that I 
wanted the church to be and remain 
non-sectarian. There is more in 
Christianity than doctrine. And I 
want the church building to be left 
open all day so that students and 
others may go in and sit there in 
the quiet whenever they choose. It 
will do them good. Collections 
shall never be taken there ; and I 
want the students to sing, and I 
want them to feel that the church is 
especially for them. 

''The church is the only institu- 
tion today that makes or has made 
or pretends to make a stand against 
immorality in all its forms. Educa- 
tion does not; nor does that science 
in which you are so interested and 
which you consider so all-powerful. 
In fact, I do not believe in a uni- 
versity education for all men for 
that very reason. A man with an 
education and without morals is lia- 
ble to become — indeed, he is almost 
sure to become — simply an abler. 



shrewder criminal whose ability to 
prey upon society has been increased 
by education. Like any other force 
education needs intelligent guidance 
if it is to serve any good purpose. 
And where shall we look for such 
guidance if we look not to the sound 
and unselfish principles taught by 
Christianity? 

''Don't think that I believe in any 
particular creed or that even the 
church itself is capable of making 
saints out of some folks. Such- 
things are not matters of creed; and 
I am well aware that some of the 
greatest rogues the world has ever 
seen stood high in the church. I 
mean that men and women should 
be sound to the core, whatever their 
doctrines may be." 

There was a great deal more on 
this subject, for these points were 
all enlarged upon out of the long 
and varied life of a woman of 
marked ability, strong character 
and individuality. 

To Mrs. Stanford the church stood 
for highmindedness, uprightness, un- 
selfishness and for what are gener- 
ally known as the Christian virtues, 
and it was as the teacher of these 
virtues that she wanted to pass it 
and its influences on to the mem- 
bers of this community, living and 
yet to come. 




MEMORIAL CHURCH MUSIC 



By WARREN D. ALLEN 



MUCH of the musical life 
of Stanford centers in the 
Memorial Church and the influ- 
ence of the church upon the 
university community is to a 
large extent dependent on the 
music heard in the great edifice. 
The university choir, v^ith 
earnest study and serious pur- 
pose, presents the best in an- 
thems and choral music at the 
regular Sunday services and at 
the special concert perform- 
ances at the end of each term. 
During the last few years many 
great v^orks have been present- 
ed w^ith augmented choir, or- 
chestra and soloists, including 
Handel's "Messiah," Mendels- 
sohn's "Elijah" and "St. Paul," 
Haydn's "Creation," St. Saens' 
"Christmas Oratorio" and the 
Verdi "Requiem." The univer- 
sity orchestra very often assists 
the choir and for the most im- 
portant affairs a large number 
of men are engaged from the 



San Francisco symphony or- 
chestra. 

Organ recitals are an import- 
ant and popular feature of the 
music of the church. The uni- 
versity organist plays on Tues- 
days and Thursdays at 4:15 and 
Sunday afternoons at 4 sharp. 
The programs average a half 
hour in length and are given 
every week in the academic 
year. The university organist 
also has charge of the choral 
work of the church and directs 
at all the services. 

The following have served as 
organists since the installation 
of the organ: Arthur Scott- 
Brook, Benjamin C. Blodgett, 
G. C. Buehrer, Louis H. Eaton 
and (for one summer) Clarence 
Eddy. Warren D. Allen has 
been organist since 1918. 

The organ w^as built for Mrs. 
Stanford in 1901 by the Murray 
M. Harris Company of Los An- 
geles. The builders lavished 



20 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



great care and very painstaking 
work on the instrument and 
made it one of the best of its 
kind at that time. In the twenty 
years that have since elapsed 
many improvements have been 
made in the art of organ build- 
ing, but the Stanford organ is 
still justly celebrated for its 
beauty, smoothness and refine- 
ment of tone. 

The organ was first played in 
public at the Epworth League 
convention in Mechanics' Pa- 
vilion in San Francisco. Mrs. 
Stanford graciously loaned the 
instrument to the convention 
before it was set up in the Me- 
morial Church. 

When the church was de- 
stroyed in 1906 the organ for- 
tunately was unharmed. After 
being stored for some time it 
was set up in Assembly Hall, 
then transferred to the rebuilt 
church in 1913. 

The organ consists of two 
main divisions (in the choir 
gallery) and an echo organ 
(over the chancel). The case 
bears beautiful carving and 
woodwork of simple and digni- 
fied character and the display 
pipes are of pure burnished tin. 
The organ is not large, contain- 



ing at present fifty-five speaking 
stops, with a three-manual con- 
sole. Plans have been drawn 
for the enlargement and re- 
building of the organ along 
modern lines and the work will 
be carried out as soon as the 
necessary funds are available. 
With the beautifully voiced 
stops of the present organ as a 
nucleus there is every reason to 
believe that the instrument, 
when rebuilt, will be one of the 
finest in America. 

The specifications of the or- 
gan equipment at present are 
as follows : 

Great Organ 

1. Open Diapason, 16 feet. 

2. Open Diapason No. 1, 8 feet. 

3. Open Diapason No. 2, 8 feet. 

4. Octave, 4 feet. 

5. Octave Quint, 2 2-3 feet. 

6. Super-octave, 2 feet. 

7. Mixture, 4 ranks. 

8. Doppel Flute, 8 feet. 

9. Rohr Flute, 4 feet. 

10. Viola da Camba, 8 feet. 

11. Viola d'Amiour, 8 feet. 

12. Trumpet, 8 feet. 

13. Clarion, 4 feet. 

14. Concert Harp. 

Swell Organ 

15. Bourdon, 16- feet. 

16. Open Diapason, 8 feet. 

17. Fugara, 4 feet. 

18. Stopped Diapason, 8 feet. 

19. Spitz Floete, 8 feet. 

20. Harmonic Flute, 4 feet. 

21. Flautina, 2 feet. 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



21 



22. Salicional, 8 feet. 

23. Aeoline, 8 feet. 

24. Vox Celeste, 8 feet. 

25. Contra Fagotto, 16 feet. 

26. Oboe, 8 feet. 

27. Cornopean, 8 feet. 

28. Vox Humana, 8 feet. 

29. Dolce Cornet, 4 and 5 ranks. 

Choir Organ 

30. Contra Gamba, 16 feet. 

31. Geigen Principal, 8 feet. 

32. Dulciana, 8 feet. 

33. Melodia, 8 feet. 

34. Oninta dena, 8 feet. 

35. Flute d'Amour, 4 feet. 

36. Molina, 4 feet. 

37. Harmonic Piccolo, 2 feet. 

38. Clarinet. 8 feet. 

39. Concert Harp (duplicated from 

Great Organ). 



Echo Organ 

(Playable from choir manual.) 

40. Quintaton, 16 feet. 

41. Open Diapason, 8 feet. 

42. Dolce, 8 feet. 

43. Unda Maris, 8 feet. 

44. Gedeckt, 8 feet. 

45. Flauto Traverso, 4 feet. 

46. Viol d'Orchestre, 8 feet. 

47. Oboe, 8 feet. 

48. Chimes (playable from choir or 
great organ. 

Pedal Organ 

49. Open Diapason, 16 feet. 

50. Bourdon, 16 feet. 

51. Gamba, 16 feet. 

52. Lieblich Gedeckt, 16 fee^ 

53. Octave, 8 feet. 

54. Flute, 8 feet. 

55. Violoncello, 8 feet. 

56. Quint, 10 2-3 feet. 

57. Trombone, 16 feet. 




THE CHA^XEL AND APSE FROM THE CHOIR LOFT 



THE MOSAICS 



ALL the mosaics at Stanford 
L^niversity came from the 
studio of Dr. Antonio Salviati 
.^- Co., A^enice, Italy. In addi- 
tion to the work on the Memo- 
rial Church are thirteen large 
pictures high up on the walls of 
^he museum building and the 
decorated vestibule of the mau- 
soleum. From Salviati & Co. 
rhe following information was 
obtained relative to the origin, 
development and process of 
making mosaics : 

By the term mosaic is meant 
a work formed by the use of a 
very large number of pieces of 
material, varying in size, the 
substance being most durable. 
Sometimes pieces are of mar- 
ble, sometimes of enamel, im- 
properly termed glass, pieces 
being of numerous varying 
shades of colors, forms and of 
varying size. They are made 
to produce more or less suc- 
cessfully (according to the skill 
of the mosaicists in dressing 
and joining them) the same re- 



sult as is obtained by a painter 
with his pencil or brush. The 
pieces, placed together accord- 
ing to design, are fixed on ce- 
ment; thus so joined the whole 
forms one solid bodv of un- 
questionable durabilit}^ 

Mosaics originated in Greece, 
but have been developed to the 
highest beauty and excellence 
in A'enice. The ancients knew 
the advantage of color and the 
prominence that should be given 
to it in architectural decora- 
tion. Having used marbles of 
dififerent colors and painted 
substances without having been 
able to obtain the desired ef- 
fects, they perceived the neces- 
sity of using some new mate- 
rials for the purpose of making 
mosaics in order to obtain the 
varieties of tints and shades 
not provided in natural sub- 
stances. They hit upon colored 
glass as this substitute. First it 
was transparent, then opaque — 
that is, enamel — and this was 
found to be the fittest material 



24 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



for the purpose. Its suitability 
was also determined by its 
power of resistance to atmos- 
pheric injury. Colored enam- 
els are made from the same raw 
materials — siliceous, etc. — as 
glass, but to these ingredients 
are added other mineral sub- 
stances, which, when properly 
fused together, impart to the 
enamel its durability, density, 
extreme hardness and also its 
color. Gold and silver enamels 
are the result of different pro- 
cesses. On a ground of thick 
glass is laid a sheet of gold or 
silver leaf, then a film of the 
purest glass is spread over it 
and these three layers are sub- 
jected to intense heat, with the 
result that they are fixed in one 
solid body, the metallic leaf be- 
ing confined between two strata 
of glass. This process requires 
considerable skill and knowl- 
edge for its successful accom- 
plishment. All pieces of enamel 
are approximately a quarter of 
an inch thick. They are rarely 
more than an inch long or wide 
and vary in shape as the neces- 
sity of the design requires. 

Greek artists expelled from 
Byzantium founded the school 
of mosaic art in Venice. Strange 



to say, the pupils exceeded 
their masters in developing the 
art, so that now Venice is cel- 
ebrated the world over for the 
work in this line. Its progress 
is illustrated in the glorious ba- 
silica of St. Mark's, which is 
covered with mosaics of various 
periods and which has become 
a building marvelous for its 
beauty, richness and peculiarity. 
Learned men who have spoken 
and written of this church have 
told of its charm. While pre- 
senting a collection of many 
styles of architecture it also en- 
shrines every possible example 
of mosaic decoration from the 
middle ages down to our time. 
John Ruskin says of it: 

The perception of color is a gift 
just as definitely granted to one 
person and denied to another as an 
ear for music, and the Venetians 
deserve a special note as the only 
European people who appear to 
have sympathized to the full with 
the great eastern races in their feel- 
ing for color. They indeed were 
compelled to bring artists from Con- 
stantinople to design the first mo- 
saic of St. Mark's, but they rapidly 
took up and developed under more 
masculine condition the system of 
which the Greeks had shown them 
the example. I believe, of all works 
of religious art whatsoever, the mo- 
saic (mostly of the twelfth and 
thirteenth centuries) represented in 
a central manner by the great ones 
of St. Mark's, have been the most 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



25 



effective. They covered the walls 
and roofs of the churches with in- 
evitahle lustre. They could not be 
ignored or escaped from, their size 
rendered them majestic, their dis- 
tance mysterious, their color attrac- 
tive. Churches oug'ht to be richly 
adorned, as being the only places 
in which the desire of offering a 
portion of all precious things to God 
could be legitimately expressed. 

Street, in ''Brick and Marble 
of the Middle Ages/' says: 

Over and over again, when at 
Venice, one must go to St. Mark's, 
not to criticize, but to admire, and 
if ever any building in which the 
man: object is the study of art, 
assuredly here it must also be to 
worship. I think I never saw an in- 
terior so thoroughly religious and 
religion inspiring, as this, and it is 
well, therefore, not lightly to pass it 
by as useless for our general pur- 
pose. It seems to show, as strongly 
as any example can, how much awe 
and grandeur even a small building 
may attain by the lavish expendi- 
ture of art and precious materials 
throughout their fabric, for it is to 
this that St. Mark's owes its gran- 
deur, and to this only. There is 
nothing imposing, either in its size 
or its architecture ; on the contrary 
they appear to be rather mean, and 
yet this grand display of mosaics 
upon a glorious gold ground makes 
the work appear both larger and 
better than it is. 

All writers agree on the sub- 
ject, however, whether Vene- 
tian or otherwise, in granting to 
Venice pre-eminence in the art 
of mosaic. It is significant to 
record a sentence of Lanzi, in 



his ''Storia Pittorica della Tos- 
cana," where, after having re- 
lated the useless attempts of 
the Florentines to decorate in 
a worthy manner the chapel of 
St. Zenobia, he says: ''It seems, 
mdeed, that the glory of making 
mosaic has been reserved to 
X^enice." It is impossible to set 
down to mere chance that Ven- 
ice succeeded in reaching so 
high a degree of perfection in 
the mosaic art, for more proba- 
ble it is that it was a privilege 
afforded to her by peculiar and 
natural circumstances, arising 
out of her material and artistic 
position, her natural inclination, 
Ijcr skill and her possession of 
the grandest example for study 
and imitation. 

These opinions have to do 
mainly with mosaic work of by- 
gone centuries. Strange to say, 
there was a decline in the art 
for a long period. Its renais- 
sance is due in a great .measure 
to the study and experimenta- 
tion of Dr. Antonio Salviati. 
His leisure time after attention 
to his profession in the Forum 
of Venice was devoted to study- 
ing the great works around him. 
It was a source of grief to him 
that these were apparently de- 



26 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



caying for want of attention 
such as only the skilled artists 
could provide. He was firm in 
his conviction that his city still 
possessed the best elements for 
exercising and developing and 
improving the art of mosaic. 
He therefore abandoned his 
profession and enlisted the aid 
of Lorenzo Radi of Murano, an 
artisan who for many years had 
devoted his attention to the 
production of gold and colored 
enamels. As a result of their 
combined efforts the new pro- 
cess of producing gold enamels 
was perfected. It was pro- 
nounced by a committee of the 
Academy of Fine Arts of Ven- 
ice to be successful in produc- 
ing "gold enamels for mosaic 
work superior to those previ- 
ously manufactured, even to 
some of the ancient ones, from 
the brilliancy and transparency 
of the vitreous layer (crystal- 
line) over the gold leaf, having 
a compactness and adhesiveness 
to the underlying layer, so as to 
secure the greatest possible dur- 
ability, as well as of the lustre 
and continuity of the gold leaf 
and the tablet presenting nei- 
ther scratches nor swelling. As 
regards the pieces of colored 



mosaics, we have found them in 
part even superior, through the 
delicacy and softness of the 
tints, to those of ancient mo- 
saics." 

Along with this improvement 
in materials another great ob- 
stacle had to be removed. The 
ancient mosaicists prepared the 
space on the wall, then slowly, 
piece by piece, placed the mosaic 
together. This was a very ex- 
pensive method. It required 
the services of the artist on the 
ground where the mosaic was 
being placed in order to have 
the work done at all, practically 
requiring a complete mosaic 
studio and factory for each in- 
stallation of a piece of work. 
To this prohibitive cost must be 
attributed the decay in the art 
that continued for so long. Dr. 
Salviati's modern process is 
more simple and vastly cheaper. 
By it can be produced work in 
Venice to be sent to any place 
in the world, ready to be mount- 
ed in permanent form. The 
subject is first designed and is 
painted out in full color. Then 
a copy is made on paper and 
this is cut into sections which 
are distributed to various art- 
ists, each one of whom is em- 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



27 



ployed in covering with mosaic 
such parts of the general sub- 
ject as his skill permits him to 
master. The pieces are worked 
upon the paper in reverse. On 
being completed the sections 
are packed in cases and sent to 
the place which is intended to 
be decorated. Here the work 
is put together and fixed on the 
wall. 

Each artist in preparing his 
section has to exercise great in- 
telligence and patience as well 
as his knowledge of color. His 
eye must be very exact to en- 
able him to choose the right bit 
of enamel from more than 20,- 
000 different shades at his com- 
mand. Bit by bit he proceeds, 
matching the colors of the orig- 
inal painting perfectly and du- 
plicating all its lines. When 
properly placed in position there 
are narrow interstices between 
the component parts of the mo- 
saic. Accompanying each com- 
pleted work when it leaves the 
studio is a rough sketch or pref- 
erably a photograph marked 
off in irregular lines correspond- 
ing to the sectional parts, each 
section numbered for easy iden- 
tification. An assembled mo- 
saic, mounted on paper, is in ex- 



act reverse from what it appears 
on the wall. It is the same as 
reading matter when looked at 
in the type form or a picture 
seen in a printing block. In- 
ecjualities caused by the uneven 
thicknesses of the enamels are 
overcome in the final mounting 
by the face being fastened to 
the smooth mounting paper; 
then in placing permanently 
the backing material yields to 
the deeper indentation of the 
thicker portion, leaving the ex- 
terior surface smooth. In prep- 
aration for mounting the mo- 
saic a matrix of sand, brick 
dust and cement is prepared. 
This is moistened and mixed, 
then spread on the back of the 
mosaic section and on the wall 
upon which it is to be mounted. 
While the matrix is plastic the 
artist places the section in po- 
sition and presses it firmly into 
place. Pressure forces the ad- 
hesive mixture into the inter- 
stices between the enamel pieces 
and holds them firmly and per- 
manently. After being allowed 
to rest in place for a time the 
mounting paper is moistened 
and removed. With a small 
block similar to the planer used 
in leveling type forms the artist 



28 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



smooths the mosaic surface, 
hammering it into place. 'As the 
material is very hard there is 
not the slightest danger of in- 
jury to any portion. After an- 
other interval the mosaic is 
cleansed, exuded particles of 
the cement removed and the 
mounting of the section is' com- 
plete. So it goes on till all is 
done. After the moisture evap- 
orates the cement hardens and 
the mosaic becomes an integral 
part of the wall. At times gaps 
must be filled in the background 
or portions have become dis- 
lodged in handling. These are 
replaced by the artist, making 
the whole mosaic perfect. Mak- 
ing and placing mosaics of this 
character is more than a trade; 
it is art. 

To Lorenzo Zampato was en- 
trusted the work of placing the 
Stanford mosaics. For more 
than four years he was con- 
stantly employed on the task. 
He illustrated the truth that to 
be an artist one must first be 
an artisan. M. Zampato had 
more to do than merely place 
the mosaics as received from 
Venice. In reconstructing the 
facade, in particular, the design 
was changed. A large inscrip- 



tion at one time occupied the 
broad space under the windows. 
This was condensed in size and 
carved on a tablet at the east of 
the entrance. A water scene 
was substituted under the win- 
dows and allowed to remain in 
place for a few months. It was 
considered inappropriate and a 
changed architectural scheme 
outlined by John K. Branner 
was adopted. For this M. Zam- 
pato furnished the design and 
put the material in place after 
the stonework had been com- 
pleted. 

To realize the full artistic 
value of mosaics it is best not 
to approach too closely. The 
work is broad in its lines, nec- 
essarily so from the nature of 
the medium employed. When 
viewed from too near a vantage 
the small component parts are 
too distinct and rob the compo- 
sition of that continuity of line 
which must persist to convey 
the idea of the artist. M. Zam- 
pato kindly arranged for pho- 
tographs to be taken of one 
piece that was ready for plac- 
ing. In one view the camera 
was only six feet away from the 
subject. The resulting photo- 
graph brought out distinctly the 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



29 



fragmentary nature of the work. 
In the other picture, taken at 
a distance of about fifteen feet, 
there is a very noticeable differ- 



ence. AMiile the small parts 
are distinguishable the faint di- 
viding lines between them are 
subordinated to the broader 



o 
> 
a 

o 
d 

a 
o. 

xn 

>> 




30 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



lines of the picture itself, thus 
showing the design of the artist 
as it is intended to be seen at 
completion. In neither had the 
surface been smoothed, which 
accounts for the sort of sketchy 
impression. This particular 
piece was placed in position at 
an angle in the ceiling facing 
the entrance. It is about 75 
feet above the floor and at that 
elevation, with its coloring and 
background, presents a much 
different appearance. 

How did it come that mosaics 
were used so lavishly in the 
mural decorations? That is an- 
swered most satisfactorily in a 
letter to me from M. Camerino, 
proprietor of the A. Salviati & 
Company mosaic studios, Ven- 
ice, Italy. Under date of Aug- 
ust 25, 1917, he wrote: 

I met Mr. and Mrs. Stanford and 
their son when they came to visit 
my business place and the glass 
works. I became a good friend of 
the Stanford family and was always 
with them during their stay in Ven- 
ice. They went to Florence and it 
was there that their son fell ill and 
unfortunately died. Mr. and Mrs. 
Stanford called me at once to Flor- 
ence and I assisted them in every- 
thing I could possibly do during 
their great misfortune. 

On May 17, 1900, Mrs. Stanford, 
who had been deprived of her hus- 
band,, called upon me in Venice. She 
spoke of a memorial church she was 



building in memory of her husband 
and son. She expressed the wish to 
have a reproduction of the Lord's 
Supper by Roselli in the Sistine 
Chapel in the Vatican. I promised 
Mrs. Stanford I would do my very 
best to obtain permission to copy 
it and I had full success. Conse- 
quently I was able to reproduce it 
for her church. 

In November, 1900, Mrs. Stanford 
was in Florence. She called me 
there. Mrs. Stanford asked me what 
kind of a mosaic picture could be 
placed on the outside of the gable 
and we agreed on the subject. I 
asked her to let Professor Paoletti 
prepare a sketch after my explana- 
tions. With the sketch and also 
one of the Glory of the Angels I 
went to see Mrs. Stanford again. 
She was greatly pleased with them 
and gave her approval to their com- 
pletion. 

In the meantime at Venice I 
wanted to study the plans of the 
church which had been handed to 
me by Mrs. Stanford and I devel- 
oped them in full. In February, 
1903, I went to San Francisco and 
arranged with Mrs. Stanford to dec- 
orate the nave after a colored plan 
which I had prepared in my atelier 
in Venice. I also arranged to sup- 
ply two mosaics for the pediments 
of the museum building and the 
eight pictures on the facade, all de- 
signed by Professor Paoletti. 

In June, 1904, I again went to 
San Francisco and submitted to 
Mrs. Stanford drawings for the dec- 
oration of the galleries and pictures 
over the four doors. Mrs. Stanford 
approved all my projects and they 
were completed accordingly. 

In November, 1913, I was called 
to San Francisco and arranged with 
the board of trustees to replace all 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



31 



the mosaics damaged by the earth- 
quake, which was executed by me 
in my Venice ateliers in three years, 
after all the original designs, which 
I preserved with great care. This 
was finished at the end of 1916. 

- It would require the ability 
of an artist of rare judgment to 
select the best piece of work 
among the numerous fine mo- 
saics. No choice will be made 
here. The largest single piece 
is that on the facade, "The Ser- 
mon on the Mount." Among 
the 47 people to the counted in 
the whole assemblage may be 
recognized the apostles and 
many of the women mentioned 
in the Bible as closely associ- 
ated with Christ. The grouping 
is excellent and the portraiture 
wonderfully lifelike. The sub- 
ject is peculiarly one for just 
that position on the church, as 
it allows of the grouping in an 
ascending scale to the central, 
purple and white robed figure 
of the Savior delivering his im- 
mortal sermon. 

The vestibule of the church 
is decorated in a uniform tap- 
estry design, all in mosaic. Al- 
ternating medallions bear in 
monogram form the Greek let- 
ters Alpha and Omega and the 
Christ's initials. In the frieze 
over the doors are two cherub 



groups supporting tablets bear- 
ing the inscriptions "Domus 
Dei Locus Orationes," ''Domus 
Dei Aula Coeli." 

After entering the nave from 
the vestibule the chancel and 
apse decorations may be seen 
at a distance, but it is better to 
begin a methodical examination 
at the doors. To the east, un- 
der the organ loft and over the 
doors, is "Our Lord on His 
Throne Surrounded by the Four 
Evangelists, Apostles, Kings 
and Friends;" to the west is 
"Our Lord Receiving Christ in 
Paradise." 

Proceeding on the east side 
of the nave the visitor may see 
the mosaics in this order: 

Under the arches on the east 
wall of the nave : 

''The Prayer of Hannah," I 

Samuel: 1-11. 

And she vowed a vow, and said, 
O Lord of hosts, if thou wilt in- 
deed look upon the affliction of 
thine handmaid, and remember me, 
and not forget thine handmaid, but 
will give unto thine handmaid a 
man child, then will I give him unto 
the Lord all the days of his life, and 
there shall be no razor come upon 
his head. 

"Ahasuerus Selects Esther to 

be His Queen," Esther: 2-17. 

And the king loved Esther above 
all women, and she obtained grace 




EAST SIDE OF CHANCEL AND APSE IN ORIGINAL CHURCH 




EAST SIDE AND CENTER OF CHANCEL AND APSE IN ORIGINAL CHURCH 



34 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



and favour in his sight more than 
all the virgins : so that he set the 
royal crown upon her head, and 
made her queen instead of Vashti. 

"The Judgment of Solomon/' 

I Kings: 3-26, 27. 

Then spake the woman whose the 
living child was unto the king, for 
her bowels yearned upon her son, 
and she said, O my lord, give her 
the living child, and in no wise slay 
it. But the other said : It shall be 
neither mine nor thine : divide it. 

Then the king answered and said. 
Give her the living child, and in no 
wise slay it : she is the mother 
thereof. 

"Saul Casts His Spear at Da- 
vid," I Samuel: 1-9, 10. 

And an evil spirit from the Lord 
was upon Saul, as he sat in his 
house with his spear in his hand. 

And Saul sought to smite David 
even unto the wall with his spear; 
but he slipped away out of Saul's 
presence, and he smote the spear 
into the wall : and David fled, and 
escaped that night. 

"God's Promise to Solomon 
When Building the Temple," I 
Kings: 6-11, 14. 

And the word of the Lord came 
to Solomon, saying: 

Concerning this house which thou 
art building, if thou wilt walk in 
my statutes, and execute my judg- 
ments, and keep all my command- 
ments to walk in them ; then will 
I establish my word with thee 
which I spake unto David thy fa- 
ther. 

And I will dwell among the chil- 
dren of Israel, and will not forsake 
my people Israel. So Solomon built 
the house and finished it. 



Over the door near the pilas- 
ter: 

"The Garden of Eden," Gen- 
esis: 1-24, 28, 29. 

And God said. Let the earth bring 
forth the living creature after its 
kind, cattle and creeping things, 
and beast of the earth after its kind : 
and it was so. 

And God blessed them : and God 
said unto them, Be fruitful and mul- 
tiply, and replenish the earth, and 
subdue it : and have dominion over 
the fish of the sea, and over the 
fowl of the air, and over every liv- 
ing thing that moveth upon the 
earth. 

And God said. Behold, I have giv- 
en you every herb yielding seed 
which is upon the face of all the 
earth, and every tree, in which is 
the fruit of a tree yielding seed ; to 
you it shall be for meat. 

On the east wall of the clear- 
story, over the arches: 

"God Separating Darkness 
from Light," Genesis: 1-6, 10. 

And God said. Let there be a fir- 
mament in the midst of the waters, 
and let it divide the waters from 
the waters. 

And God made the firmament, and 
divided the waters which were under 
the firmament from the waters 
which were above the firmament : 
and it was so. 

And God called the firmament 
Heaven. And there was evening and 
morning, a second day. 

And God said, let the waters un- 
der heaven be gathered together 
unto one place, and let the dry land 
appear : and it was so. 

And he called the dry land Earth ; 
and the gathering together of the 




"s r^!;!'^ 





WEST SIDE OF CHANCEL AND APSE IN ORIGINAL CHURCH 



36 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



waters he called Seas ; and God saw 
that it was good. 

"The First Family," Genesis: 
3-17, 19. 

And unto Adam he said, Because 
thou has harkened unto the voice 
of thy wife, and hast eaten of the 
tree, of which I commanded thee, 
saying, Thou shalt not eat of it : 
cursed is the ground for thy sake; 
in toil shalt thou eat of it all the 
days of thy life. 

Thorns and thistles shall it bring 
forth to thee ; and thou shalt eat the 
herb of the field. 

In the sweat of thy face shalt 
thou eat bread, till thou return to 
the ground, for out of it -thou wast 
taken : for dust thou art and unto 
dust shalt thou return. 

"The Deluge," Genesis: 7-17 
and 24. 

And the flood was forty days upon 
the earth ; and the waters increased 
and . bare up the ark and it was lift 
above the earth. 

And the waters prevailed upon the 
earth an hundred and fifty days. 

"The Tower of Babel," Gen- 
esis: 11-1, 9. 

And the whole earth was of one 
language and one speech. 

Therefore the name of it called 
Babel : because the Lord there did 
confound the language of all the 
earth : and from thence did the Lord 
scatter them abroad upon the face 
of the earth. 

"Moses Saved from the Wa- 
ters," Exodus: 2-1, 6. 

And when she could no longer 
hide him, she took him in an ark of 
bulrushes and daubed it with slime 
and with pitch : and she put the 



child therein and laid it in the flags 
by the river bank. 

And his sister stood afar off, to 
know what would be done with him. 

And the daughter of Pharaoh 
came down to bathe at the river : 
and her maidens walked along by 
the river side, and she saw the ark, 
among the flags, and sent her hand- 
maid to fetch it. 

In the clearstory, above the 
last row, between windows: 

"Noah Is Ordered to Build 

the Ark," Genesis: 6-18. 

But I will establish thy covenant 
unto thee ; and thou shalt come into 
the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy 
Avife, and thy sons' wives with thee. 

"Abraham Informed He Will 

Have a Son," Genesis: 18-10. 

And he said, I will certainly re- 
turn unto thee when the season 
cometli around ; and lo, Sarah, thy 
Avife, shall have a son. xA.nd Sarah 
heard in the tent door, which was 
behind him. 

"Abraham Sees the Promised 

Land," Genesis: 13-14, 15. 

And the Lord said unto Abram, 
after that Lot was separated from 
him, lift up now thine eyes, and 
look from the place where thou art, 
northward and southward and east- 
ward and westward : 

For all the land which thou seest, 
to thee will I give it, and to thy 
seed forever. 

"Daniel's Prophecy," Daniel: 

5-25 to 28. 

And this is the writing that was 
inscribed, Mene, Mene, Tekel, 
Upharsin. 

This is the interpretation of the 
thing: Mene, God hath numbered 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



37 



thy kingdom and brought it to an 
end. 

Tekel, thou art weighed m the 

balances, and art found wanting. 

Peres, thy kingdom is divided, 

and given to the Medes and Per- 
sians. 



"Angel Gabriel Announces to 

Zacharias the Conception of 

John to Elizabeth," Luke: 1- 

12, 13. 

And Zacharias was troubled when 




38 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



he saw him, and fear fell upon him. 

But the angel said unto him, Fear 
not, Zacharias ; because thy suppli- 
cation is heard, and thy wife Eliz- 
abeth shall bear thee a son, and thou 
shalt call his name John. 

In the wall of the gallery of 
the east transept are mosaics 
of Noah, Noah's Wife, Isaac, 
Rebecca, Jacob, Rachel, Tobias, 
Sarah, Nathan, Deborah, Aaron 
and Naomi; also over the doors 
are lunettes of cherub singers, 
while the remainder of the wall 
is filled in with tapestry mosaic 
work in varied colors. 

In the center of the wall of 
the chancel is the reproduction 
of "The Last Supper," from the 
Sistine Chapel in the Vatican at 
Rome. The original is the work 
of Cosimo Roselli. On either 
side are niches in which Carrara 
marble statues of the apostles 
rested before the demolition of 
the church. They are to be re- 
placed. A large picture, ''The 
Seraph Choir" or ''The Glory 
of the Angels," covers a large 
portion of the apse. It is sepa- 
rated into four sections by the 
stained glass windows. This 
was designed by Paoletti and 
was approved by Mrs. Stanford. 
It contains a large number of 
figures. Above are mosaic por- 
traits of John the Baptist, Eze- 



kiel, Samuel and Jeremiah on 
the east; opposite are David, 
Elias, Moses and Isaias. Nu- 
merous cherub faces appear at 
appropriate places. 

Over the four pilasters sup- 
porting the dome are spandrel 
mosaics representing angels 
emerging from clouds. The 
ceiling of the dome is painted 
in imitation of mosaic and a 
number of medallions are placed 
in the frieze. 

Returning to the entrance and 
coming forward on the west 
side of the nave the mosaics are 
in order as follows: 

"Rebekah and Isaac," Gene- 
sis: 24-64, 65. 

And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, 
and when she saw Isaac she lighted 
off the camel. 

And she said unto the servant, 
What man is this that walketh in 
the field to meet us? And the serv- 
ant said, It is my master ; and she 
took her veil and covered herself. 

"Rachel Sees Jacob Ap- 
proaching," Genesis: 29-12. 

And it came to pass when Jacob 
saw Rachel the daughter of Laban 
his mother's brother, and the sheep 
of Laban his mother's brother, that 
Jacob went near, and rolled the 
stone from the well's mouth, and 
watered the flock of Laban his 
mother's brother. 

And Jacob kissed Rachel and 
lifted up his voice and wept. 

And Jacob told Rachel that he 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



39 



was her father's brother, and that 
he was Rebekah's son, and she ran 
and told her father. 

''Moses Is Ordered to Take 

Israel out of Egypt/' Exodus, 

3-9, 10. 

And now% behold, the cry of the 
children of Israel is come unto me : 
moreover I have seen the oppres- 
sion wherewith the Egyptians op- 
press them. 

Come now, therefore, and I will 
send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou 
mayest bring forth my people the 
children of Israel out of Egypt. 

''Moses Sees the Promised 
Land," Numbers: 34-4. 

And your border shall turn about 
southward of the ascent of Akrabin, 
and pass along to Zini ; and the go- 
ings out thereof shall be southw^ard 
of Kadeshbarnea; and it shall go 
forth to Hazaradar, and pass by to 
Azmon. 

"Joshua Finds a Captain for 

His Hosts," Joshua: 5-13, 14. 

And it came to pass w-hen Joshua 
was by Jericho that he lifted up his 
eyes and looked, and behold there 
stood a man over against him with 
his sword drawn in his hand; and 
Joshua went up to him, and said 
unto him, Art thou for us or for our 
adversaries? 

And he said, Nay ; but as captain 
of the host of the Lord am I now 
come. And Joshua fell on his face 
to the earth, and did w^orship, and 
said unto him, AMiat saith my Lord 
unto his servant? 

Over the arches on the wall 
of the clearstory: 

"Moses Receiving the Tab- 
lets of the Law" Exodus: 24-12. 



And the Lord said unto ]\Ioses, 
Come up to me into the mount, and 
be there, and I wnll give thee tables 
of stone, and the law and the com- 
mandment which I have written, 
that thou mayest teach them. 

"Joshua Successor of Moses," 
Joshua: 1-2, 3. 

Xow it came to pass after the 
death of ]\Ioses the servant of the 
Lord, that the Lord spake unto 
Joshua, the son of Nun, Moses' 
minister, saying, 

]^Ioses my servant is dead; now 
therefore arise, go over this Jordan, 
thou and all this people, unto the 
land which I do give them, even 
unto the children of Israel. 

"David Anointed for the First 
Time," I Samuel: 10-13. 

Then Samuel took the horn of oil 
and anointed him in the midst of 
his brethren : and the spirit of the 
Lord came mightily upon David 
from that day forward. 

"Meeting of David with Abi- 
gail," I Samuel: 25-22. 

And wdien Abigail saw David, 
she hasted, and lighted off her ass, 
and fell before David on her face, 
and bowed to the ground. 

"David Singing Psalms," 

Psalms : 43-3, 4. 

O send out thy light and truth ; 
let them lead me ; let them bring me 
unto thy holy will, and to thy tab- 
ernacles. 

Then will I go unto the altar of 
God ; unto God my exceeding joy ; 
and upon the harp wnll I praise thee, 
O God, my God. 

Over the arches and between 
the windows, west wall of clear- 
story : 



40 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



''Sale of Joseph/' Genesis: 
37-23, 28. 

And it came to pass when Joseph 
came unto his brethren, that they 
stript Joseph of his coat, the coat 
of many colours that was on him. 

And there passed by Midianites, 
merchantmen ; and they drew and 
lifted up Joseph out of the pit and 
sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for 
twenty pieces of silver. And they 
brought Joseph into Egypt. 

''Jacob Going to Canaan," 

Genesis: 31-17, 18. 

Then Jacob rose up and set his 
sons and his wives upon the cam- 
els. And he carried away all his 
cattle, and all his substance which 
he had gathered, the cattle of his 
getting, which he had gathered in 
Pandanaran, for to go to Isaac, his 
father, unto the land of Canaan. 

"Isaac Blessing Jacob," Gen- 
esis: 27-21 and 30. 

And Isaac said unto Jacob, Come 
near, I pray thee, that I may feel 
thee, my son, whether thou be my 
son Esau or not. 

And it came to pass, as soon as 
Isaac had made an end of blessing 
Jacob, and Jacob was yet scarce 
gone out of the presence of Isaac 
his father, that Esau his brother 
came in from his hunting. 

"Dream of Jacob," Genesis: 
28-12, 13. 

And he dreamed, and beheld a 
ladder was set up on the earth, and 
the top of it reached to heaven; 
and behold the angels of God as- 
cending and descending on it. 

And, behold, the Lord stood 
above it, and said, I am the Lord, 



the God of Abraham thy father and 
the God of Isaac : the land where 
thou liest, to thee will I give it, and 
to thy seed. 

"Abraham Restrained from 

Offering up Isaac," Genesis: 

22-11, 12. 

And the angel of the Lord called 
unto him out of heaven, and said, 
Abraham, Abraham, and he said. 
Here am I. 

And he said. Lay not thine hand 
upon the lad, neither do thou any- 
thing unto him : for now I know 
that thou fearest God, seeing thou 
has not withheld thy son, thine only 
son, from me. 

Over the door on the west 
of the nave: 

"Predictions of the Proph- 
ets Concerning the Coming of 
Our Lord on Earth." This is a 
large picture exactly opposite 
"The Garden of Eden," over 
the east door. 

In the gallery v^all of the 
west transept are twelve mosa- 
ics of the saints: Helena, James, 
Margaret, Andrew, Philemon, 
Thaddeus, Elizabeth, Bartholo- 
mew, Madeline, Barnabas, Ger- 
trude, Philip. Lunettes over the 
gallery doors correspond in size 
to those in the east gallery, but 
are of different design, while 
the tapestry mosaic work is of 
the same pattern. 



THE WINDOWS 



IT IS quite obvious to ordi- 
nary observers that some 
stained glass windows, though 
well done, somehow seem to be 
wrong. Each of them individu- 
ally may appear satisfactory; 
the ensemble has a jarring ef- 
fect. Fortunately this is not 
the case with the windows in 
the Stanford ^Memorial Church. 
They were planned, designed 
and placed by Frederick S. 
Lamb of Nevv- York and are en- 
tirely of American manufac- 
ture. In this connection it is 
of interest to repeat something 
of what AA^illiam Frederic Fa- 
ber has said in regard to win- 
dow construction and placing. 

A window is a component part of 
the building. In a church the win- 
dow is inevitable just as it is : to 
make it larger or smaller, to close 
up one where now there is one, or 
to make one where there is none is 
to do violence to the building. If 
such change does not violate the in- 
tegrity of the building as a whole 
the fact simply goes to show that 
the building had no plan Avorthy of 
honor; the window space, therefore, 
is always to be preserved for future 
use. The use of a window is to give 
light w^hile affording shelter. And 



this light space is to serve artistic- 
ally as a kind of contrast to the dark 
space of the solid Avail ; hence this 
light space is to art sacred and must 
be permitted to the end to assert 
itself as just Avhat it is and such as 
it is, so much rightly apportioned 
and correctly proportioned translu- 
cent Avail space. 

AMien this AvindoAv space has been 
first filled with plain glass, Avhich is 
then to give way to stained glass, 
the ncAv treatment must say — just 
as obviously, only more beautifully 
— just Avhat the old said: it must 
still be a AvindoAA' — letting in light, 
though the light be colored — and in 
its architectural A'alue it must be 
just what it Avas before, asserting 
the shape of the structural Avindow, 
plainly and faithfully. In other 
Avords, the true stained glass Avin- 
doAV is now to give the beholder the 
impression that he is looking out 
through an opening and seeing some- 
thing beyond, so much as the size 
of the opening Avill permit : in a 
Avord, the spectacular impression of 
looking into some beautiful outdoor 
Avorld through a hole in the Avail. 
The beholder must be conscious of 
still looking at the Avail itself, the 
translucent part of it, Avhich confines 
him Avithin the edifice as much as 
stone or brick. Nor yet is the true 
stained glass Avindow merely a col- 
ored glass picture coA^ering so much 
Avail area — the outline form is to be 
so obA^ious and the treatment so non- 
realistic that the architectural idea 
may never for a moment be in dan- 



42 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



ger of submersion under some other 
idea. 

As these ideas have been fol- 
lowed in the construction of the 
Stanford Memorial Church win- 
dows the harmonious impres- 
sion to the beholder is at once 
apparent. The windows har- 




THE y\NNUNC[ATlON 



monize with each other, with 
the other decorations, with the 
whole architectural scheme. In 
part this is due to the designing 
by one man, the planning be- 
ing systematic instead of hap- 
hazard; the making of the win- 
dows likewise received his care- 
ful attention, the result being a 
splendid efTect. Unfortunately 
it occurs in man}^ churches that 
memorial windows are gifts of 
different individuals. Donors 
varied in preferences ; diff'erent 
designers were selected who 
at times were not en rapport, 
with others chosen for work on 
the same church. The results 
were not satisfactory either to 
artists or patrons and certainly 
not to people attending church. 
This has happened often even 
though each individual window 
was an excellent work. 

American stained glass work 
is probably the best that is be- 
ing done. Of the three schools 
it has advanced farther in the 
way of delicate self-contained 
coloration that will retain bril- 
liance permanently. The earli- 
est glass workers of Eiu'ope did 
not have facilities for cutting 
and coloring, so their windows 
were made up of designs main- 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



43 



ly along geometrical lines. The 
colors and their permanency 
were assured, but were limited 
as to variety and shading. The 
English school has developed 
this idea considerabh^, retain- 
ing the feature of self-contained 
coloring, so that the jewel-like 
splendor is retained at all times. 
German workers resort to paint 
to secure desired color effects. 
The trouble with this is that 
the colors fade, become dull and 
muddy and in time the glass 
loses the brilliancy that makes 
it attractive. Both schools use 
glass of uniform thickness in 
their work. 

Among the stained glass art- 
ists of America it is usual to 
attain color shadings by em- 
ploying glass of uneven thick- 
ness, sometimes doubling lay- 
ers to get the desired effect. It 
is very unusual for any of them 
to resort to painting. For these 
reasons the American product 
has a more delicate scheme of 
coloration than any of the for- 
eign glass and its colors remain 
brilliant. 

The process of making these 
windows in the Lamb studio is 
an interesting and fascinating 
one. After choosing the subject 




THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT 

a light sketch is made in color, 
afterward extended to full size. 
From this a tracing is made in 
charcoal of the main outlines. 
Close study of this tracing is 
made to learn whether these 
lines are suitable for the leading 



44 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




which holds the whole piece to- 
gether. It must also be deter- 
mined how such lines will har- 
monize with the artistic effect 
of the completed window. Af- 
ter it has received final approval 
a drawing of the exact size is 



THE CRUCIFIXION 

made on manila paper, which 
is then mounted on a large 
sheet of plate glass through 
which comes light from a win- 
dow close at hand. The lines of 
the drawing are cut away, leav- 
ing the picture formed of many 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



45 




THE ASCENSION 



small pieces of paper, outlined 
by clear spaces of light. From 
his assortment of colored glass 
pieces Mr. Lamb makes selec- 
tions to match the shades in the 
colored drawing. Each in turn 
is held by an assistant at the 



right place on the drawing that 
is mounted on glass. When the 
matching in color has been at- 
tained, proved by the light 
coming through it, the bit of 
glass and the paper it covered 
are taken away together, the 



46 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




glass to be cut the exact size 
and shape of the paper pattern. 
Afterward all are assembled and 
bound firmly together by thin 
strips of lead. 

In the nave, chancel, tran- 
septs and clearstory there are 
fifty windows showing human 



figures, while the lesser win- 
dows are filled out with colored 
glass in geometrical designs. 
During the morning hours the 
windows on the east side of the 
church are splendidly attract- 
ive, their colors scintillating 
and illuminating the church in- 
terior. During the greater part 
of the day the three great win- 
dows at the back of the chancel 
form a brilliant group, while 
the west windows late in the af- 
ternoon, in addition to their 
own coloring, have the tinting 
supplied by the fading glories 
of the setting sun. Each win- 
dow has been located with spe- 
cial reference to its immediate 
surroundings, therefore win- 
dow, mosaic and inscription in 
combination convey an impres- 
sive message to the visitor. 

At the base of each window 
is given the scriptural quota- 
tion appropriate to the subject. 
The pictures themselves are ad- 
aptations of masterpieces in Eu- 
rope, with one exception. Tak- 
ing them in the order from the 
east door of the nave and going 
forward they are: 

"The Annunciation" (after 
Shields), Luke: 1-30, 31. 

And the angel said unto her, Feai 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



47 



not, ^lary, for thou hast found fa- 
vour w'Ah God. And behold thou 
shalt conceive in thy womb and 
bring forth a son, and thou shalt 
call his name Jesus. 

''The Flight into Egypt" (af- 
ter Plockhurst), ]\Iatthew: 2-13. 

Xow when they were departed, 
behold, an angel of the Lord an- 
peared unto Joseph in a dream, say- 
ing, arise and take the young child 
and his mother, and flee into Egypt, 
and be thou there until I tell thee : 
for Herod will seek the young child 
to destroy him. 

''The Home at Nazareth" 

(after Hoffman), Luke: 2-40. 

And the child grew and waxed 
strong, filled with wisdom, and the 
grace of God was upon him. 

. The five windows in the east 

transept are : 

"Christ in the Temple" (after 

Holman Hmit), Luke: 2-48, 49. 

And when they saw h!m they 
were astonished: and his mother said 
unto him, Son, why hast thou thus 
dealt with us? behold thy father 
and I sought thee sorrowing. 

xAnd he said unto them, How is it 
that ye sought me? wist ye not 
that I must be about my Father's 
business? 

"Baptism of Christ" (after 

Dore), Mark: I-IL 

And a voice came out of the hea- 
vens, Thou art my beloved Son, in 
thee I am well pleased. 

"The Sermon on the Mount" 
(after Hoffman), Alatthew: 5- 
16. 




Even so let your light shine before 
men, that they ma}' see your good 
w^orks and glorify your Father which 
is in heaven. 

"Christ Cahiiing the Tem.- 
pest" (after Dietrich), Mat- 
thew: 8-25, 26. 

And they came to him and awoke 

him, saying, Save, Lord ; we perish. 

And he saith unto them, Why are 



48 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




-^m^ 



sii^ld 



^^t^^fm 






CHRIST AND MARY MAGDALENE 

ye fearful, O ye of little faith? Then 
he arose and rebuked the winds and 
the sea and there was a great calm. 
''Raising of Jairus' Daugh- 
ter" (after Hoffman), Luke: 8- 
52, 54. 

And all were weeping and bewail- 
ing her: but he said, Weep not, for 
she is not dead, but sleepeth. 



But they laughed hint to scorn, 
knowing that she was dead. 

But he, taking her by the hand, 
called, saying, Maiden, arise. 

The three large windows in 
the chancel are ''The Nativity" 
(Fellowes-Prynne), "The Cru- 
cifixion" (Degger) and "The 
Ascension" (Carlotti). 

In the west transept from 
the chancel onward, are: 

"The Miracle of the Loaves 
and Fishes" (after Murillo), 
Luke: 9-16. 

And he took the five loaves and 
the two fishes, and looking up to 
heaven, he blessed them, and brake ; 
and gave to the disciples to set be- 
fore the multitude. 

"Christ and Mary Magda- 
lene" (after Hoffman), John: 
8-7 and 11. 

He that is without sin among you, 
let him cast the first stone at her. 

Woman, where are thine accusers? 
Hath no man condemned thee? And 
she said, No man, Lord. And Jesus 
said. Neither do I condemn thee ; go 
and sin no more. 

"The Good Shepherd" (after 

C. S. Parker), John: 10-11. 

I am the good shepherd : the good 
shepherd layeth down his life for his 
sheep. 

"Christ in the Home at Beth- 
any" (after Hoffman), Luke: 
10-41, 42. 

But the Lord answered and said 
unto her, Martha, Martha, thou art 
anxious and troubled about many 
things. 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



49 



But one thing is needful : IMary 
hath chosen the good part, which 
shall not be taken awav from her. 




"Christ in Gethsemane" (af- 
ter Hoffman), Luke: 22-14. 

Saying, Father, if thou be willing, 
remove this cup from me; never- 



theless not my will, l^ut thine, be 
done. 

"Dream of Pilate's Wife" (af- 
ter Dore), Matthew: 27-19. 

And while he was sitting on the 
judgment seat, his wife sent unto 
him, saying. Have thou nothing to 
do with this righteous man : for I 
have suffered many things this day 
in a dream because of him. 

"The Angel at the Tomb" 
(after Ender), Mark: 16-6. 

And he saith unto them. Be not 
amazed ; ye seek Jesus, the Naza- 
rene which hath been crucified ; he 
is risen ; he is not here : behold, the 
place where they had him ! 

"Lo, I am with Yoti Always," 
an original design by Paoletti, 
Revelations : 22-4. 

And they shall see his face. 

In the clearstory windows, 
beginning near the organ on the 
east side, are seen Abraham, 
Hagar and Ishmael, Moses, 
Pharaoh's Daughter, Josh u a, 
Deborah ; in the east transept 
gallery, David, Ruth, Solomon, 
the Queen of Sheba, Elijah, 
Esther, Isaiah, Judith, Daniel, 
Hannah: opposite are St. Sim- 
eon, St. Anne, St. Matthew, 
Faith, St. Mark, Charity, St. 
Luke, St. Dorcas, St. Paul, St. 
Martha : in the west clearstory, 
St. Stephen, St. Agnes, St. Pe- 
ter, St. Priscilla, St. John, Hope, 
in the order named. 



50 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




i i ^I'K^B^^-^mB'i' I i 



»J*™»-F"^-'ti 



THE ANGEL AT THE TOMB 



THE INSCRIPTIONS 

INSCRIPTIONS occupy places on the walls specially set apart 
for that purpose. In all cases except the memorial tablets on 
four pilasters the lettering is plainly carved. Memorial tablets 
are lettered in gold. Carved stone frames enclose each. The in- 
scriptions were chosen b}^ Mrs. Stanford. It has been believed 
by some that these were original productions by her, but those 
familiar with the w^ork of the church state that her method was 
to take some sentiment that proved attractive or appropriate and 
adapt it to the use proposed. Many of them were formed by com- 
binations from several. There was always the governing plan 
to make them fitting for the church and its great object. Inter- 
esting indeed it is to walk along the dusky aisles and read these 
uplifting sentiments. Following the same line of progress as 
with the mosaics and the windows, beginning at the east of the 
central inner entrance, the inscriptions are as follows: 



yi^^t^t^^»ii)(^{^^t^^i^t»ai^t^^iK^tiS£i(^^ 



i 



A noble ambition is among the most helpful influences of student 
life, and the higher this ambition is, the better. No man can work 
well unless he can speak as the Great Master did of the joy set 
i before Him. And this leads to the greatest of all safeguards, and 
the most encouraging of all stimulating influences to a noble life, — ■ 
that is, the power of personal religion. We need som'ething outside 



of and beyond ourselves. ''Remember, you are not your own, — 
i You are bought with the precious blood of Jesus." 

^irr>Tirr^^i?rrii?f^irf^lrrrifr>Ti?r!tl?^irr^ 



The world is new to every soul when Christ has entered^ into it. 
1 We can never perish if we remain in the arms of our Father 
1 Almighty. 



1^^^3^^^t^(^t^^?lt78^(78?1^;^(^t^Vlt^ 



52 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



J]MMM!MMM\MMJMMMMM\MM\i 



1 
111 the great record above, our names are written in characters of P 

love, — which love for our dear Jesus alone can read, and which by 
his great love for us alone has been graven. The highest service 
may be prepared for and done in the humblest surroundings. In 
silence, in waiting, in obscure, unnoticed offices, in years of un- 
eventful, unrecorded duties, the Son of God grew^ and waxed strong. 



On the base of the pilaster, in gold illuminated letters, the first 
memorial tablet is placed. Another similar tablet is on the side 
facing the chancel. They read: 



i\^3SM\mmm ^^^\^\Mm.m?, 



In loving memory of 

LELAND STANFORD, 

Son of 

Josiah and Elizabeth Stanford. 

Born March 9, 1824. 

Died June 21, 1893. 



^ In loving memory of 

I ELIZABETH STANFORD, 

5J ^Mother of Leland Stanford. 
I Born April 14, 1791. 

I Died Februarv 27, 1873. 



On the walls of the east transept the inscriptions are: 



True life is the principles of Christ lived. There is no other life 
that is true. To condense it still more, the true life is the Christ 
life lived. 

God knows what His children want before they ask, but it proves '*'' 
their faith in Him to prav for what thev want. 



ItTTtiWItT^It^ WIWI^It?^! ? 



1 Religion is intended as a comfort, a solace, a necessity to the ^' 

1 soul's welfare ; and whichever form of religion furnishes the grcat- 

1 est comfort, the greatest solace it is the form which should be 

1 adopted be its name what it will. The best form of religion is, 

si trust in* God, and a firm belief in the immortality of the soul, life 

3 everlasting. 
i _ __^__„__ _ ________________^_ _____ _ ____^ 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



53 



An eternal existence in prospect converts the whole of your pres- | 
ent state into a mere vestibule of the grand court of life ; a begin- 
ning, an introduction to what is to follow ; the entrance into that 
immeasurable extent of being which is the true life of man. The 
best thought, affections and aspirations of a great soul are fixed on 
the infinitude of eternity. Destined as such a soul is for immortal- 
ity, it finds that all that is not eternal is too short, all that is not 
infinite is too small. 



l^(^l^l^l^t^(^t^l\»]lvi^lt^^U^^ 



A life that is founded on the principle of goodness, love, wisdom 
and power that represents the Christ has a lasting foundation and 
can be trusted. AA^e speak of love, but what do we know about it, 
unless w^e see the power of love manifested ; unless we are given 
g the power to bestow, and a willing heart to bestow^ it upon, and 
I within humanity? We say God is love, but if we do not feel the 
power of iHis love, we do not know anything about it. To be loved 
3 b}^ others makes the power of love within our hearts grow. 



[^»S£j{^{^(Vim8iJ(^lV8^»i£|US^B^^ 



would do our dut>= 



]\Ian, like every other individuality, has an object and a purpose § 
to fulfill ; and, when he comprehends this, he will think too much of H 
himself to stoop to any material action that shall bring him down 
from the highest position on the throne of his nature. 

To acknowledge God is often done w^ithout acknowledging God's 
great love for us and it is His love and tender care and wase lead- 
i ing we should all reflect upon more than we do — much more if we i 



gfiig^irvTlT?^l^tlr?^l?f^lT7^l??^lTr^lr?^lT?^ 



JS 



^^f E^IMIMlMlMI^JM g yJJIMIMI^IMI^IMI^IMI^IMI^^ 






Events are messengers of either Divine goodness or justice. Each 
has a mission to fulfill, and, as it comes from God, accomplish it 
and, in sending them, the good Father sends means by which they 
may be endured, — perhaps averted. Remedies in sickness. Love in 
trouble. Comfort in weakness. Renew^ed hope in disappointment. 
Tears in sorrow\ Smiles to follow tears. 



:',r/^l??^l^?^lff^lT?^lTf^ir>tlf;^lf?^lff^l?^lT?^iT:^lT^ 



54 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



Knowledge is intelligence and its impress comes upon the mind. 
Wisdom is the desire of the heart prompted by God's highest and 
most Divine nature and comprises all knowledge. Wisdom is the 
highest spiritual intelligence, while the natural man, through knowl- 
edge, can know nothing of wisdom. A man may have great intelli- 
gence and yet have nothing of the Christ life within him. 



Tlf?^lff^lg^l?:^Tlt?^lrf^i^ff^lff^lr7^lr?^iyvTi?/^l^ 



a! *;jJIM|t.yj[MIMI^IM^!l\lUJ{I^IMIMI^IMlMl^l^y^lMI^IMIMIM^ 



May we belong to God in this mortal life, serving Him faith- 
fully through its trials, bearing the cross after Him, and may we 
be His forever in life eternal, with the whole Celestial Court. 

It is a great advancement toward the fulfillment of desires in 
the life beyond to have lived a Godly life on earth. 



s?i{^vif^(^t^(^^f7i?)(7i?itr8vtra«ihf8^ravir^ 



On the base of the pilaster at the east of the chancel is another 
memorial tablet in gold lettering. Below the pulpit on the east 
and the reading stand on the west are inscriptions, while a me- 
morial tablet is on the west pilaster. The four read: 



? yjlUJI^IMlM!^iltL^IMiMIMIMI^^I^IM^B^^^ 



In loving memory of 

JOSIAH STANFORD, 

Father of Leland Stanford. 

Born February 28, 1795. 

Died April 29, 1862. 



'/-^lfr?tlr7^it7^l fr?tlT7^Tir^lf ?^lT?^\T lT?^lr?^lt7^lr;^Tlf^ 



i 
I 
1 

I 

i 

i 

i 

r^tlfrttlrTiTlMliSiiMlfntli^rTTtlTrStlr^^ 



In loving memory of 

DYER LATHROP, 

Father of Mrs. Leland Stanford. 

Born May 14, 1787. 

Died April 19, 1855. 



I I 

1 Lord Jesus, without reserve, j^ 

1 without exception, without limi-p 

Itation, may Thy holy will be| 

Idone in all things, at all times. | 

§ IP 



1 It is by suffering that God has 
Imost nearly approached to man; 
iit is by suffering that man| 
idraws most nearlv to God. 

1 



On the wall of the west transept, beginning at the pilaster west 
of the chancel: 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



55 



^ t i iyj|tj^ i tii^ i ^^i^i^i*>yjiiyiii^ ^ iti^ i ^i^i^iM!^ iiyiii^ 



iio 



There are but few on earth free from cares, none but carry bur- 
dens of sorrow, and if all were asked to make a package of their 
troubles and throAV this package on a common pile, and then were 
asked to go and choose a package which they were willing to bear, 
all would select their own packages again. Your heartaches may 
be great, burdens heavy, but look about you, and with whom would 
you change? 



ifmmifmfmfmfmmifmmifmtrs<iifs<ifmfm^ 



The test of a Christian lies in deeds and actions, not in words, | 
a true follower of truth and Godliness, not a follower of the impres- 
sions of the flesh nor the impress of the intellect alone, but endeav- 
oring to let the heart be touched by the divine principle of God's 
truth and that alone makes Christians. The instinct given to all of 

I God's children to seek happiness is proof that happiness is a reality 

i within the reach of all. 



I 



I If we do good deeds to others and try to help them to live hap- 

I pier and better lives by being kind to them, and teaching them of 

S the God germ within themselves, we in that way sow the seed and 

i God in His own way and time will make it grow. There is such a 

i thing as mistaking Christian privileges for Christian attainments, 

1 and of imagining that we are what we ought to be simply because 

1 we know it. There is something in all hearts that can be reached, 

1 — some chord that will give forth sweet music if we only have the 1 

i skill to touch it. i 






ritirrrsurnTifr^tirnirr^ifrstif^gaii; 



m 






May the peace which no earthly disturbances can mar, which is I 

of the Father through His inspiration and love, fill your hearts, and p 

enable you to go on in the journey of life Avith a feeling of trust I 

and confidence that nothing can disturb. It is not love for God, I 

but love for the neighbor, good will toward man universal, kind- k 

ness and gentleness, that makes saints on earth. One must give b 

as well as take of goodness, gentleness and unselfish kindness to b 

I meet with God's approval. k 



56 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 






God is all in all : and, if we cannot appropriate and worship Him 
in all things, we worship only part of God. As we grow and im- 
prove, we will love more and more the beautiful everywhere. Praise 
God for the gift of nature for giving so much of everything that is 
beautiful in all the universe, because His life is in it all. By your 
life only can you prove your principles to the world and show to 
them there is a life worth living. 



t)«v1b«v1^(^^(^^^Ri?l^^^?H^^^g?)^(7i;i[^^^(S^ 



^li^MISS^^^^I^M^i]: 






Regard not the appearances of things you are to do, but Him 
who commands them, and who, when He pleases, can accomplish 
His glory and our perfection through the most trifling things. 

When a person thinks a duty is beneaLh him, he places himself 
above God, for He deals with that same duty. Let us never be 
sad, save at having ofifended God. 






♦MMIMMG 



^l^yjIMIMIMIMIMIMIM I ^IMIMIMiMIMIMIMIMIMIF i 



God gives us all some work to do, — if not great deeds, then small 
ones, — as the cup of cold water to one of his children. Yes, even 
less than that, — a word of advice, something lent to another, a little 
vexation patiently borne, the fault of thoughtlessness of another 
repaired without his knowledge. God will recompense it all a thou- 
sand-fold. 



'.tIfAt 



l^(^^^^^ra?ira?]ti«vih«^^ifl^^^^ 



g ^^^^g5 iM^[gig?o 



a^^.it>^^g^?,^^^i*y*i^[! 



Thoughts and words travel just as Cod'^- life travels. The}" do not 
1 travel like an individual, but breathe your spiritual life into the 
I atmosphere as you do your breath, and some one else breathes it in. 
Those not present still perceive it, for it permeates space, and all 



live in it and receive from it according to their unfoldment. 



SilMlMiMII 



il(^»i?lf^l^v){^^(^^f7iv1^^^^t}S?ll^r^(?i(l 



On the west wall of the nave: 



We must not desire to begin by perfect?'. n. It matters little h(3\v | 
we begin provided we be resolved to go on well and end well. | 

' i 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



57 






Earth grants joys that are great, but Lransplant such joys to heaven, 
ennoble them through the ennobling love of God, and they grow 
to a magnitude beyond the comprehension of earth mind. God in 
His infinite wisdom gives to the poor blessings by way of com- 
pensation which the wealthy do not attain — the giving and receiv- 
ing of heart offerings without price, deeds that win crowns and 
scepters in heaven. 



mmm&iimmmmsmimmmmimismmiimmmmiimim 



There is no narrowing so deadly as the narrowing of a man's 
horizon of spiritual things. Xo Avorse ev-i can befall him than in 
his course on earth to lose sight of Heaven And it is not civiliza- 
tion that can prevent this; it is noi ci'^^ilization that can compen- 
sate for it. No widening of science, no possession of abstract 
truth, can indemnify for an enfeebled hold on the highest central 
truths of humanity. '*A\^hat shall a man give in exchange for his 
soul?" 



s^t^(^e8viii^f^?i[{^{^t^(^f7i?i(^(^r)«vih«vt 



l^^I^^ 



[l^^MlT?^l?;^l^lT?^|ynTl^?^!yrT',^ 



On the pilaster facing the chancel and on the side toward the 



door: 



1 ng; 

I 

2 



JlM|^U^(XS^t\S^^^tXi^U^^^^U^^B^^ 



In loving memory of 
AXE AXX LATHROP, 
^^Mother of Mrs. Eeland Stanford 
Born May 6, 1803. 
Died September 3, 1882. 



E^{^hivihivi^^ivM(i®^b®dr«vit^{^^ 






In loving memory of 
LELAXD^ STAXFORD, 
Son of 
iLeland and Jane Lathrop Stan 
ford. 
Born Alay 14, 1868. p 

Died :\Iarch 13, 1884. ^ 



i^^^i^»ivi^^«»^if^^^^^^^^vn^^i?n7s^i^i^^ 



Enclosed in frames of cross design in the center of the east 
and west transepts, respectively, are these: 



58 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



The 

CROSS 

is the 

emblem 

of faith, 

^1 hope and love, Wsmmmu;: 

those ineffable virtues of the soul 

that abide forever, that can never 

be outgrown, f 

even on the 




STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



59 



O God, 

Thou 

Divine 

principle 

of good, 

who dwellest in harmony and 

love, Ave feel in our souls that 

thou 



^} ^MIMIiLl^iUS4 



i 
i 

I 

I 



m^iwmmnim 



good to 



art 

us, 

for we 

believe 

that Thou 

rulest in all 

tilings for 

each one's 

ultimate 

good, and 

we desire 

to be true 

children 

of light 

and of 

Thine. 



g 

I 



60 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




EUCALYPTUS TREES IN THE ARBORETUM 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



61 



O 
?d 

I— t 

a 

o 

*^ 

H 

O 
cl 
H 
H 

d 
> 
d 
?d 
> 

o 
r 




STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




IN THE INNER QUADRANGLE 




JORDAN HALL ZOOLOGY BUILDING 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 



63 




STANFORD FAMILY STATUARY GROUP 



64 



STANFORD MEMORIAL CHURCH 




THE STANFORD MAUSOLEUM 

Two senior students, a young man and a young woman, are appointed each term 

to place flowers at the door of the mausoleum every Sunday morning. 



""'^v^TF::^^ 




^'.^^•>!JlVS^l^lVS/4WWlVWWiy4WWl«^ 



There is no narrowing so deadly as the narrowing of 
man's horizon of spiritual things. No worse evil can befall 
him than in his course on earth to lose sight of Heaven. 
And it is not civilization that can prevent this; it is not civ- 
ilization that can compensate for it. No widening of sci- 
ence, no possession of abstract truth, can indemnify for an 
enfeebled hold on the highest and central truths of human- 
ity. "What shall a man give in exchange for his soul?" 



rs>(i.7S\irr*\ir7i\ii>s\ir/svir)^in^rr4jvir)«^r)«\iYiYir/^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 895 926 4 




